以组为基础的财政刺激减肥效果可能更好
2013-04-03 22:45:10 来源：37度医学网 作者： 评论：0 点击：
Group-based incentives may produce more weight loss
以组为基础的财政刺激减肥效果可能更好。
(ReutersHealth) - Employees offered financial incentives to lose weight may drop morepounds when they're competing as part of a group of colleagues, a new studysuggests.
（路透社健康新闻）——一项新的研究显示，当员工作为（竞争）小组成员而参与竞争时，财政激励使他们减掉更多的体重。
Researcherscompared two incentive scenarios. Under one, employees got $100 for each monththey met the goal of dropping at least one pound per week. Under the secondscenario, $500 was set aside each month for a group of five co-workers and theones who met their goal got to split the prize.
研究人员比较了两种激励方案。其中一种方案是：员工完成每星期至少减掉一英镑的目标时，可以得到100美元的奖金。另一种激励方案是：每月预留500美元给每个五人组成的小组，完成目标的人可以分配这些奖金。
"Peoplemay be more motivated to achieve a particular goal when a particular resourcethat had been allocated for them is given to someone else if they don't achievetheir goal," said Dr. Jeffrey Kullgren, the study's lead author from theUniversity of Michigan Medical School and the Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System.
来自美国密歇根大学医学院及维吉尼亚州安阿伯市医疗体系的Jeffrey Kullgren（这项研究的第一作者）指出：“如果一个人不能完成自己的目标，原本自己分配到的资源会被别人得到，这会更加激励他们努力达成特定的目标。”
He and hiscolleagues randomly assigned 105 obese hospitalemployees to be offered the individual incentive, the group-basedincentive (without knowing who else was in their group) or not to receive anyreward for losing weight.
JeffreyKullgren和他的同事随机对医院过胖的105名员工进行分配，分别接受个人财政刺激方案、以组为单位的财政刺激方案或不接受任何奖励进行减肥。
Participantsweighed-in each month for about five months. By the end of the study, people inthe no-reward group had lost an average of just over one pound each. Those whowere offered individual incentives had shed 3.7 pounds, on average, compared to10.6 pounds among those with group-based incentives.
参与者在五个月内每月称重一次。在这项研究结束时，没有任何奖励的组中的成员平均只减重超过一英镑。那些实行个人激励方案的组中的成员平均减重3.7英镑，与之相比，实行以组为单位的财政刺激方案的组中的成员平均减重10.6英镑。
Thepossibility of earning more than $100 if their group members didn't loseweight, in addition to the element of competition, may have driven those employeesto make the most significant changes, Kullgren's teamreported Monday in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
Kullgren团队周一在内科医院年鉴上报告称，除了竞争因素外，组中若有人未完成减肥目标，自己可以得到多于100美元奖励的可能性也有可能会激励那些员工做出最大的改变。
WHAT WORKSBEST?
哪项方案效果最好？
Althoughweight-loss incentives are becoming popular with many employers, researcherssaid there are still questions about what type of program provides the mostbang for the buck.
研究人员称，尽管减肥激励方案在雇主间已经很流行，对于哪种方案更合算仍然有问题。
"Thereare hundreds of different ways you can think about doing it. I don't thinkthere's a consensus about what the best way is," said Robert Jeffery,who has studied financial incentives at theUniversity of Minnesota in Minneapolis.
在美国明尼阿波利斯市的明尼苏达大学学习过经济激励的Robert Jeffery称：“有上百种经济激励方案，但关于哪个方案最好，没有一致的意见。”
Pastresearch does provide a few clues, however, he told Reuters Health. Rewardingpeople more frequently - such as every week - seems to encourage more weightloss, as does offering more money for success, not surprisingly.
RobertJeffery向路透社透露：过去的研究确实提供了一些线索，然而更频繁地激励人们——比如一星期一次——可以激励（参与者）减掉更多重量，当然，提供更多的奖励也是。
Behavioraleconomics suggests that aversion to losing - whether money or just acompetition with other members of the group - can be a good motivator.
行为经济学表明，不论有金钱奖励还是只是与组中成员竞争，对失败的厌恶可以成为很好地动力。
Forinstance, one recent study found loss aversion played a role in who lost weightwhen dieters had to deposit a few dollars into an account weekly, and the cashwas matched if they lost weight or forfeited if they didn't (see Reuters Healthstory of February 8, 2011 here:).
比如，最近一项新研究发现，当节食者不得不每星期向账户中存入少量资金，并且减肥成功时可以得到奖金，减肥失败则得不到奖金的情况下，对失败的厌恶对减肥有一定的作用。
Still, eveneffective programs can lose their "oomph" over time, according toJeffery, who wasn't involved in the new research.
但是，据没有参加这项研究的Jeffery说，再有效的方案也会随着时间失去吸引力。
And moststudies don't account for the odds that people who would be trying to loseweight anyway are the most likely to join a financial incentives program - andcertain other heavy employees might be harder to reach, he said.
他指出，大多数研究没有考虑到这种可能性：那些无论如何都努力减肥的人更有可能参加经济激励项目，其他一些过重的员工可能会难以达到目标。
There arestill many strategies to explore, Jeffery added - such as paying people more,the longer they keep the extra weight off.
Jeffery还指出，还有很多方案去探索，比如提供越多奖金，减肥效果维持时间越长。
Someemployers have also tried "Biggest Loser"-style games, but those maydiscourage certain people because only the few who lose the most weight getrewarded, researchers pointed out.
研究人员指出，很多雇主尝试“减肥最多”方案，但那可能会使一些人感到挫败，因为只有少数减肥最多的人得到奖金。
"Thisis yet another approach that we need to have in our tool kits for addressingthis really major and vexing public health problem," Kullgren told ReutersHealth, adding that an incentive program could be combined with diet andexercise counseling, for example.
Kullgren向路透社透露：“这也是我们处理公共卫生问题这个真正重要的问题的工具”他还举例说，比如财政激励方案可以与饮食及锻炼结合。
The questionis, "How can these types of approaches complement what we already knowworks?" he said.
他说，问题是这些方案怎样弥补我们已知的有效的方案。
以组为基础的财政刺激减肥效果可能更好。
(ReutersHealth) - Employees offered financial incentives to lose weight may drop morepounds when they're competing as part of a group of colleagues, a new studysuggests.
（路透社健康新闻）——一项新的研究显示，当员工作为（竞争）小组成员而参与竞争时，财政激励使他们减掉更多的体重。
Researcherscompared two incentive scenarios. Under one, employees got $100 for each monththey met the goal of dropping at least one pound per week. Under the secondscenario, $500 was set aside each month for a group of five co-workers and theones who met their goal got to split the prize.
研究人员比较了两种激励方案。其中一种方案是：员工完成每星期至少减掉一英镑的目标时，可以得到100美元的奖金。另一种激励方案是：每月预留500美元给每个五人组成的小组，完成目标的人可以分配这些奖金。
"Peoplemay be more motivated to achieve a particular goal when a particular resourcethat had been allocated for them is given to someone else if they don't achievetheir goal," said Dr. Jeffrey Kullgren, the study's lead author from theUniversity of Michigan Medical School and the Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System.
来自美国密歇根大学医学院及维吉尼亚州安阿伯市医疗体系的Jeffrey Kullgren（这项研究的第一作者）指出：“如果一个人不能完成自己的目标，原本自己分配到的资源会被别人得到，这会更加激励他们努力达成特定的目标。”
He and hiscolleagues randomly assigned 105 obese hospitalemployees to be offered the individual incentive, the group-basedincentive (without knowing who else was in their group) or not to receive anyreward for losing weight.
JeffreyKullgren和他的同事随机对医院过胖的105名员工进行分配，分别接受个人财政刺激方案、以组为单位的财政刺激方案或不接受任何奖励进行减肥。
Participantsweighed-in each month for about five months. By the end of the study, people inthe no-reward group had lost an average of just over one pound each. Those whowere offered individual incentives had shed 3.7 pounds, on average, compared to10.6 pounds among those with group-based incentives.
参与者在五个月内每月称重一次。在这项研究结束时，没有任何奖励的组中的成员平均只减重超过一英镑。那些实行个人激励方案的组中的成员平均减重3.7英镑，与之相比，实行以组为单位的财政刺激方案的组中的成员平均减重10.6英镑。
Thepossibility of earning more than $100 if their group members didn't loseweight, in addition to the element of competition, may have driven those employeesto make the most significant changes, Kullgren's teamreported Monday in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
Kullgren团队周一在内科医院年鉴上报告称，除了竞争因素外，组中若有人未完成减肥目标，自己可以得到多于100美元奖励的可能性也有可能会激励那些员工做出最大的改变。
WHAT WORKSBEST?
哪项方案效果最好？
Althoughweight-loss incentives are becoming popular with many employers, researcherssaid there are still questions about what type of program provides the mostbang for the buck.
研究人员称，尽管减肥激励方案在雇主间已经很流行，对于哪种方案更合算仍然有问题。
"Thereare hundreds of different ways you can think about doing it. I don't thinkthere's a consensus about what the best way is," said Robert Jeffery,who has studied financial incentives at theUniversity of Minnesota in Minneapolis.
在美国明尼阿波利斯市的明尼苏达大学学习过经济激励的Robert Jeffery称：“有上百种经济激励方案，但关于哪个方案最好，没有一致的意见。”
Pastresearch does provide a few clues, however, he told Reuters Health. Rewardingpeople more frequently - such as every week - seems to encourage more weightloss, as does offering more money for success, not surprisingly.
RobertJeffery向路透社透露：过去的研究确实提供了一些线索，然而更频繁地激励人们——比如一星期一次——可以激励（参与者）减掉更多重量，当然，提供更多的奖励也是。
Behavioraleconomics suggests that aversion to losing - whether money or just acompetition with other members of the group - can be a good motivator.
行为经济学表明，不论有金钱奖励还是只是与组中成员竞争，对失败的厌恶可以成为很好地动力。
Forinstance, one recent study found loss aversion played a role in who lost weightwhen dieters had to deposit a few dollars into an account weekly, and the cashwas matched if they lost weight or forfeited if they didn't (see Reuters Healthstory of February 8, 2011 here:).
比如，最近一项新研究发现，当节食者不得不每星期向账户中存入少量资金，并且减肥成功时可以得到奖金，减肥失败则得不到奖金的情况下，对失败的厌恶对减肥有一定的作用。
Still, eveneffective programs can lose their "oomph" over time, according toJeffery, who wasn't involved in the new research.
但是，据没有参加这项研究的Jeffery说，再有效的方案也会随着时间失去吸引力。
And moststudies don't account for the odds that people who would be trying to loseweight anyway are the most likely to join a financial incentives program - andcertain other heavy employees might be harder to reach, he said.
他指出，大多数研究没有考虑到这种可能性：那些无论如何都努力减肥的人更有可能参加经济激励项目，其他一些过重的员工可能会难以达到目标。
There arestill many strategies to explore, Jeffery added - such as paying people more,the longer they keep the extra weight off.
Jeffery还指出，还有很多方案去探索，比如提供越多奖金，减肥效果维持时间越长。
Someemployers have also tried "Biggest Loser"-style games, but those maydiscourage certain people because only the few who lose the most weight getrewarded, researchers pointed out.
研究人员指出，很多雇主尝试“减肥最多”方案，但那可能会使一些人感到挫败，因为只有少数减肥最多的人得到奖金。
"Thisis yet another approach that we need to have in our tool kits for addressingthis really major and vexing public health problem," Kullgren told ReutersHealth, adding that an incentive program could be combined with diet andexercise counseling, for example.
Kullgren向路透社透露：“这也是我们处理公共卫生问题这个真正重要的问题的工具”他还举例说，比如财政激励方案可以与饮食及锻炼结合。
The questionis, "How can these types of approaches complement what we already knowworks?" he said.
他说，问题是这些方案怎样弥补我们已知的有效的方案。
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